FAKTOR RISIKO INFEKSI SEKUNDER BAKTERI DAN POLA SENSITIVITAS ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN COVID-19 DI RUANG INTENSIF SALAH SATU RUMAH SAKIT TIPE A DI BANDUNG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36423/pharmacoscript.v6i2.1282Keywords:
infeksi sekunder, bakteri, COVID-19, faktor risiko, antibiotik, pola sensitivitasAbstract
Pasien COVID-19 dapat mengalami infeksi sekunder selama perawatan di rumah sakit. Infeksi virus pada saluran pernafasan dapat menjadi predisposisi infeksi sekunder bakteri yang dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan adanya infeksi sekunder pada pasien COVID-19 dengan prevalensi yang bervariasi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk memberikan gambaran kejadian infeksi sekunder, menganalisis faktor risiko yang berkaitan dengan kejadian infeksi sekunder, dan mengidentifikasi bakteri serta pola kepekaannya terhadap antibiotik pada pasien COVID-19 di Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Penelitian ini merupakan dekskriptif analitik dengan metode cross sectional menggunakan data retrospektif di salah satu rumah sakit tipe A di Bandung pada periode Maret 2020-Februari 2022. Sebanyak 302 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 38,41% subjek mengalami infeksi sekunder bakteri. Bakteri Gram negatif yang paling banyak diidentifikasi pada sputum yaitu Acinetobacter baumannii (56,03%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (38,79%), dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9,48%). Sedangkan bakteri Gram positif yang diidentifikasi yaitu Staphylococcus haemolyticus (11,21%), Staphylococcus hominis (3,45%), dan Streptococcus mitis (2,59%). Antibiotik dengan sensitivitas tertinggi terhadap bakteri Gram negatif pada subjek yaitu amikasin dan tigesiklin. Sedangkan terhadap bakteri Gram positif pada subjek yaitu vankomisin, linezolid, tetrasiklin dan tigesiklin. Infeksi sekunder bakteri pada penelitian ini paling banyak disebabkan oleh bakteri Gram negatif. Infeksi sekunder bakteri berhubungan dengan riwayat penggunaan antibiotik, riwayat hospitalisasi, penggunaan ventilator dan penyakit diabetes melitus. Pola sensitivitas antibiotik dapat menjadi pedoman dalam memilih antibiotik yang sesuai untuk infeksi sekunder bakteri pada pasien COVID-19.References
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