STUDI KEMOMETRIK SPEKTRUM INFRAMERAH BUAH CABAI JAWA (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) DARI BERBAGAI DAERAH DI INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36423/pharmacoscript.v8i2.2256Keywords:
Cabai Jawa, Cluster Analysis, Kemometrika, Principal Component AnalysisAbstract
Cabai Jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) merupakan tanaman herbal yang banyak dimanfaatkan dalam pengobatan tradisional untuk membantu mengatasi berbagai kondisi, seperti asma, gangguan pencernaan, kelelahan, dan infeksi. Aktivitas farmakologisnya berkaitan erat dengan kandungan metabolit sekunder, yang komposisinya dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan, varietas, dan asal geografis. Perbedaan komposisi ini sulit diidentifikasi secara akurat menggunakan metode konvensional, sehingga diperlukan pendekatan kemometrik untuk memetakan variasi kimianya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis profil spektral buah Cabai Jawa dari berbagai daerah di Indonesia menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), serta mengidentifikasi kesamaan dan perbedaan karakteristik kimia antar sampel melalui Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dan analisis klaster. Sampel buah kering yang diperoleh dari Bandar Lampung, Bengkulu, Jember, Madura, Malang, Pamekasan, Pati, Sleman, Sumenep, dan Tanggamus dianalisis menggunakan FTIR tanpa proses ekstraksi, pada rentang bilangan gelombang 4000–500 cm⁻¹. Data spektrum kemudian diolah dengan PCA dan analisis klaster. Hasil skrining fitokimia dan analisis FTIR menunjukkan keberadaan gugus fungsi yang terkait dengan metabolit sekunder, seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, saponin, steroid, dan tanin. PCA menghasilkan varians kumulatif sebesar 99%, dengan pengelompokan Malang–Jember, Madura–Sumenep–Pamekasan, serta Bandar Lampung–Tanggamus, sementara perbedaan paling menonjol ditemukan pada Pati dan Sleman. Analisis klaster mengonfirmasi terbentuknya kelompok alami sesuai kesamaan spektral. Pendekatan kemometrik terbukti efektif dalam membedakan dan mengelompokkan profil kimia Cabai Jawa, serta berpotensi mendukung autentikasi geografis dan pengendalian mutu bahan baku herbal di Indonesia.
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