Identfikasi Cendawan Rhizosfer pada Tanaman Padi Desa Maddenra Kabupaten Sidrap Sulawesi Selatan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36423/agroscript.v7i1.2175Keywords:
blast disease, fungal population, rhizosphere fungi, riceAbstract
Rhizosfer merupakan zona yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah karena menjadi tempat interaksi antara akar tanaman dan mikroba, termasuk cendawan. Perubahan kondisi fisiologis, seperti adanya serangan penyakit, dapat memengaruhi keragaman dan populasi mikroorganisme di daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis dan populasi cendawan rhizosfer pada tanaman padi yang menunjukkan gejala penyakit blas dan yang tidak menunjukkan gejala penyakit blas di Desa Maddenra, Kabupaten Sidrap. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada September 2020 hingga Januari 2021. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pengambilan sampel tanah rhizosfer, isolasi, pemurnian, perhitungan populasi, serta identifikasi karakteristik cendawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi cendawan pada tanah rhizosfer tanaman padi bergejala blas secara signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tanaman padi tanpa gejala blas. Sebanyak delapan isolat murni berhasil diperoleh, dan temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa serangan penyakit blas berkorelasi dengan menurunnya populasi cendawan di daerah rhizosfer. Kelimpahan cendawan yang lebih tinggi ditemukan pada tanaman padi yang tidak menunjukkan gejala penyakit blas.
References
Amaresan, N., Kumar, M.S., Annapurna, K., & Sankaranarayanan, A. (2021). Beneficial microbes in agro-ecology: Bacteria and fungi as biofertilizers and biopesticides. Academic Press. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/C2020-0-02508-5
Araujo, A.S.F., Pereira, S.I.A., & de Oliveira, L.M. (2017). Soil microorganisms and their role in the sustainable development of agriculture: Focus on rhizobacteria and their interactions with plants. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(5), 4523–4535. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0325-7
Astriawati, F., & Anfa, Q. (2025). Isolation and characterization of Pyricularia oryzae fungi causing blast disease in rice plants. Biospecies, 18(1), 16-24. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.22437/biospecies.v18i1.38524
Avelia, S.Y., Dewi, F.S., & Li’aini, A.S. (2024). Isolasi, identifikasi dan karakterisasi jamur Pyricularia oryzae penyebab penyakit blas pada tanaman padi di Kediri, Jawa Timur. Agriprima: Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 8(2), 167–174. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.25047/agriprima.v8i2.669
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Luas panen dan produksi padi pada tahun 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.bps.go.id
Chávez-Díaz, L.V., Santoyo, G., Aranda-Ocampo, S., et al. (2020). Rhizospheric fungi with biocontrol potential from tomato plants. Plants, 9(3), 370. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9030370
Choudhary, D.K., Prakash, A., & Johri, B.N. (2017). Microbial-mediated plant defense against pathogens: Mechanisms and applications. Biological Control, 104, 1–4. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2016.12.005
Compant, S., Samad, A., Faist, H., & Sessitsch, A. (2019). A review on the plant microbiome: Ecology, functions, and emerging trends in microbial application. Journal of Advanced Research, 19, 29–37. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2019.03.004
Elhady, M.M., Al-Sadi, A.M., & Al-Karaki, G. N. (2019). Impact of soil microorganisms on soil fertility and plant health: A review. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 35(4), 1–14. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-019-2677-9
Hyakumachi, M., & Kubota, M. (2003). Fungi as plant growth promoter and disease suppressor. In D. K. Arora (Ed.), Fungal biotechnology in agricultural, food and environmental applications (pp. 101–110). Marcel Dekker.
Khairani, H.S., Abe, A., & Sone, T. (2023). Rice blast field assessment in three regencies underlies the importance of fungicide resistance studies in West Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 20(4), 165–173. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.20.4.165-173
Klement, Z., Rudolph, K., & Sands, D.C. (2015). Methods in phytobacteriology. Abe Books.
Kurrata, G., Kuswinanti, T., & Nasruddin, A. (2021). Keparahan penyakit blas Pyricularia oryzae dan analisis gen virulensi menggunakan metode Sequence Characterized Amplified Region. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 17(1), 19–27. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.17.1.19-27
Li, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., & Chen, H. (2018). Rhizosphere microbial community composition and its role in rice plant health. Applied Soil Ecology, 125, 90–98. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112474
Redig, P. (2018). Mycotic infection in birds I: Aspergillosis. North American Veterinary Conference Proceedings, Eastern States Veterinary Association, 1192–1194.
Santoyo, G., Guzmán-Guzmán, P., Parra-Cota, F.I., et al. (2021). Plant growth-stimulation by microbial consortia. Agronomy, 11(2), 219. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020219
Sharon, M., Freeman, S., Sneh, B., & Katan, T. (2021). Rhizoctonia species: Taxonomy, molecular biology, and management of rice diseases. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 567–589. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.567589
Singh, D., Verma, S., & Sharma, A. (2020). Impact of agricultural practices on rhizosphere microbial communities and their functions. Agricultural Research, 9(1), 54–66. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-019-00426-1
Smith, J., Brown, P., & Lee, T. (2019). Advances in fungal identification: Morphological and molecular approaches. Mycological Research, 123(2), 145–160. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8030226
Soenartiningsih. (2009). Histologi dan kerusakan oleh jamur R. solani penyebab penyakit busuk pelepah pada jagung. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi XX dan Kongres Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia XIV, Malang, 24–25 Juli 2009.
Wang, W., Zeng, Y., & Zhu, S. (2019). Challenges in fungal identification: Molecular and morphological approaches. Journal of Microbial Ecology, 56(3), 210–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-18866-4.00007-9
Watanabe, T. (2001). Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi: Morphologies of cultured fungi and key to species (2nd ed.). CRC Press.
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., & Taylor, J. (2020). Amplification and sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications, 18, 315–322. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Xu, Y., Chen, H., & Xu, J. (2018). Effect of rice blast disease on the microbial community in the rhizosphere of rice. Plant Disease, 102(8), 1585–1593. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-18-0339-RE
Zhang, H., Liu, X., & Li, R. (2020). Plant-pathogen interactions shape the microbial community in the rhizosphere. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 567–578. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1440978
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Hardi Hardi, Yusliani Saharuddin, Jumardi Jumardi, Muliadi Muliadi, Muhammad Jabal Nur
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be transferred to AGROSCRIPT Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
This is an open-access journal in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license.
