Serangga Penyerbuk Kopi Arabika: Identifikasi, Keanekaragaman, Aktivitas Foraging, dan Implikasinya terhadap Produktivitas di Kabupaten Enrekang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36423/agroscript.v8i1.2523Keywords:
Apis cerana, kopi arabika, Stomorhina discolor, serangga penyerbukAbstract
Penyerbukan oleh serangga merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang memengaruhi keberhasilan pembentukan buah pada tanaman kopi Arabika. Namun, informasi mengenai jenis serangga penyerbuk, tingkat keanekaragaman, serta perannya terhadap produktivitas kopi di Kabupaten Enrekang masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies serangga penyerbuk kopi Arabika, menganalisis keanekaragaman dan aktivitasnya, serta mengevaluasi implikasinya terhadap produktivitas kopi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Enrekang pada periode pembungaan kopi Arabika. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan metode survei lapangan dan koleksi serangga penyerbuk pada bunga kopi, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener, indeks dominansi, dan analisis deskriptif terhadap persepsi petani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat ordo serangga penyerbuk, yaitu Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, dan Lepidoptera. Spesies yang paling dominan adalah Stomorhina discolor dan Apis cerana. Aktivitas kunjungan menunjukkan bahwa A. cerana lebih efisien dibandingkan S. discolor karena mampu mengunjungi bunga lebih banyak per menit. Persepsi petani menunjukkan bahwa serangga penyerbuk merupakan faktor utama yang memengaruhi produktivitas kopi, diikuti oleh hama, penyakit, iklim, dan faktor sosial-ekonomi. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya pengelolaan agroekosistem yang mendukung keberadaan serangga penyerbuk guna meningkatkan produktivitas kopi Arabika secara berkelanjutan.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Naelul Chaeriyah, Hardi Magga, Jumardi Jumardi, Mirsa Mirsa, Muh. Wahyu Suryandi Adam
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