Keanekaragaman dan Interaksi Serangga Berdasarkan Peran Ekologis (Guild Fungsional) pada Agroekosistem Padi di Kabupaten Pidie, Aceh, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36423/agroscript.v8i1.2752Keywords:
Insects diversity, Rice fields, Biological controlAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji keanekaragaman dan interaksi trofik guild fungsional serangga pada agroekosistem padi di Kabupaten Pidie, Aceh, Indonesia. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Gampong Gintong, Kecamatan Grong-Grong, pada periode Desember 2025-2026. Koleksi serangga menggunakan kombinasi Yellow Plate Trap, Light Trap, dan Malaise Trap pada tujuh titik pengamatan yang disusun dalam transek sistematis sepanjang 70 m. Sebanyak 3.315 individu yang merepresentasikan 230 morfospesies berhasil diidentifikasi, yang terdiri atas guild karnivora (127 spesies; 1.468 individu), herbivora (74 spesies; 1.779 individu), dan dekomposer (29 spesies; 68 individu). Nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon–Wiener (H′) komunitas sebesar 3,61 menunjukkan tingkat keanekaragaman yang tinggi. Guild karnivora memiliki nilai keanekaragaman tertinggi (H′ = 2,35), diikuti oleh dekomposer (H′ = 1,94) dan herbivora (H′ = 1,44). Analisis ANOVA satu arah menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata nilai H′ antarguild (F = 5,26; p = 0,048), sedangkan uji lanjut Tukey HSD mengonfirmasi perbedaan signifikan antara guild karnivora dan herbivora. Rasio karnivora terhadap herbivora sebesar 0,82:1 mengindikasikan adanya tekanan predasi alami yang relatif kuat dalam sistem tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada lokasi pengamatan, struktur trofik agroekosistem padi di Kabupaten Pidie bersifat fungsional dan berpotensi mendukung penerapan strategi PHT berbasis ekologi, dengan catatan bahwa generalisasi lebih luas memerlukan replikasi lokasi dan musim tanam.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Aidil Ammar, Tengku Dhean, Diah Fridayati, Munawar Munawar, T.M. Nur, Cut Afrinanda
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