Perkembangan dan Inovasi Teknologi Reproduksi Ternak untuk Percepatan Peningkatan Genetik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36423/baar.v8i2.3298Abstrak
Teknologi reproduksi ternak telah berkembang dari cara konvensional menuju sistem terpadu yang menggabungkan Teknologi Reproduksi Berbantuan, seleksi genomik, produksi embrio in vitro, serta inovasi digital. Integrasi ini berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi genetik dengan memperketat seleksi, mempercepat perbanyakan ternak unggul, dan mempersingkat jarak antar generasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis berpedoman PRISMA 2020. Data dikumpulkan dari Scopus, Google Scholar, dan PubMed untuk karya terbit tahun 2020–2025. Dari 189 catatan awal, 43 berkas ganda dihapus, 146 disaring, dan akhirnya 32 artikel memenuhi syarat untuk dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil pembahasan terbagi menjadi lima pokok utama: optimalisasi kualitas sel kelamin dan embrio, penerapan seleksi genomik, penggandaan genetik lewat inseminasi buatan, pemindahan embrio serta produksi embrio in vitro, kriopreservasi dan keamanan hayati, serta digitalisasi dan kecerdasan buatan. Teknologi tersebut membantu memperbesar perolehan genetik dengan memaksimalkan jumlah keturunan dari individu unggul. Penggabungan seleksi genomik dengan teknologi embrio juga memungkinkan pendeteksian dini calon ternak atau embrio berkualitas tinggi. Meski demikian, penerapannya masih terhambat kendala biologis, keterbatasan teknis, biaya tinggi, sarana terbatas, aspek keamanan hayati, peraturan, serta penerimaan masyarakat. Penggabungan seluruh teknologi ini dengan pengelolaan berbasis data dan kecerdasan buatan menjadi strategi menjanjikan untuk mempercepat peningkatan mutu genetik ternak. Keberhasilan pelaksanaannya memerlukan pendekatan yang terpadu, tepat sasaran, sesuai kondisi lingkungan, serta menyeimbangkan kepentingan biologis, ekonomi, sosial, dan keberlanjutan.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Aminurrahman Aminurrahman, Enny Yuliani, Lukman HY, Rezki Amalyadi; Ine Karni, Luluk Lailatun Nurjanah, Khairil Anwar; Ryan Aryadin Putra, Sadarman Sadarman
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