Manajemen Peternakan Ayam Petelur yang Berkelanjutan: Tinjauan Tantangan Saat Ini dan Prospek Masa Depan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36423/baar.v6i2.2029Abstrak
Pengelolaan ayam petelur yang berkelanjutan (sustainable) sangat penting untuk menyeimbangkan produktivitas dengan tanggung jawab lingkungan, ekonomi, dan sosial. Karena permintaan telur terus meningkat, industri ayam petelur menghadapi tekanan yang semakin besar untuk mengadopsi praktik yang meminimalkan dampak lingkungan, mengurangi penggunaan sumber daya, dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan hewan (animal welfare). Keberlanjutan dalam pengelolaan ayam petelur tidak hanya mendukung kesehatan ekologis tetapi juga sejalan dengan preferensi konsumen terhadap produk hewani yang diproduksi secara etis. Tinjauan ini mengidentifikasi dan membahas tantangan dalam produksi ayam petelur, mengevaluasi praktik berkelanjutan yang saat ini digunakan, dan mengeksplorasi pendekatan inovatif yang dapat meningkatkan keberlanjutan. Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran menyeluruh tentang praktik terbaik dan prospek masa depan bagi industri ini. Praktik berkelanjutan (sustainability), seperti menggunakan sumber pakan alternatif, menerapkan sistem limbah menjadi sumber daya alternatif, dan mengadopsi perkandangan yang ramah kesejahteraan (welfare-friendly), menjadi harapan dalam mengatasi tantangan ini. Prospek masa depan mencakup integrasi energi terbarukan, teknologi pertanian presisi (precision agriculture), dan strategi pengelolaan limbah yang ditingkatkan untuk lebih mendukung tujuan keberlanjutan. Praktik berkelanjutan sangat penting untuk kelangsungan jangka panjang industri ayam petelur. Menangani faktor lingkungan, ekonomi, dan sosial secara holistik dapat menciptakan sistem produksi telur yang tangguh yang memenuhi permintaan konsumen dan ekosistem.
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