Tinjauan Komprehensif Pengendalian Clostridium perfringens pada Penyimpanan Pakan Unggas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36423/baar.v7i1.2092Abstrak
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi peran praktik penyimpanan pakan dalam mencegah proliferasi Clostridium perfringens dan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan serta produktivitas unggas. Clostridium perfringens adalah bakteri gram positif yang mampu membentuk spora dan menghasilkan toksin. Bakteri ini dikenal sebagai penyebab enteritis nekrotik (Necrotic Enteritis / NE), suatu penyakit yang mengganggu sistem pencernaan unggas dan berkontribusi terhadap penurunan produktivitas melalui gangguan pertumbuhan, peningkatan mortalitas, serta kerugian ekonomi signifikan di sektor peternakan. Faktor utama yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan C. perfringens meliputi kondisi penyimpanan pakan, seperti durasi penyimpanan yang berkepanjangan, kelembapan tinggi, dan suhu yang suportif terhadap perkembangbiakan mikroorganisme. Kondisi tersebut menciptakan lingkungan ideal bagi pertumbuhan bakteri, terutama pada pakan dengan kandungan protein tinggi. Selain faktor lingkungan, karakter biologis bakteri yakni seperti kemampuan membentuk spora dan produksi toksin, menambah daya tahan serta kesulitannya untuk dikendalikan. Untuk mengurangi risiko kontaminasi, kajian ini menguraikan strategi pengendalian yang meliputi pengelolaan kelembapan dan suhu secara optimal, pembatasan durasi penyimpanan, serta penggunaan penyimpanan hermetik. Intervensi dengan inokulasi bakteri asam laktat, pemanfaatan asam organik, probiotik, dan pengikat mikotoksin juga terbukti efektif dalam menekan pertumbuhan C. perfringens secara tidak langsung. Program sanitasi yang ketat ditekankan guna meminimalkan kontaminasi silang. Pada akhirnya, diharapkan peternak dapat menjaga kualitas pakan, meningkatkan kesehatan unggas, dan mencapai produksi unggas yang lebih efisien serta berkelanjutan.
Kata kunci : Clostridium perfringens, produksi unggas, penyimpanan pakan, enteritis nekrotik.
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